-에 의해(서)
by (passive agent)
TOPIK 4Marks the agent in passive or formal sentences: 'by ~'.
Examples from real articles
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미국 에너지정보청(EIA)에 의하면 이란의 천연가스·석유 매장량은 2023년 기준 각각 전 세계 2·3위 규모다.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Iran's natural gas and oil reserves rank 2nd and 3rd in the world respectively as of 2023.
Iran Proposes Lucrative Oil and Gas Investments to U.S. → -
60대 대리운전기사가 술에 취한 30대 남성에 의해 차에 매달려 1.5km 끌려가다 숨진 참변이 발생했다.
A tragic incident occurred in which a delivery driver in his 60s was hung from a car by a drunk man in his 30s and dragged 1.5km before dying.
Drunk Driver Kills Rideshare Worker in Violent Incident → -
권씨는 지난 2023년 3월 몬테네그로에서 검거된 뒤, 미 연방검찰에 의해 증권사기, 통신망을 이용한 사기, 상품사기, 시세조종 공모 등 총 8개 혐의로 기소됐다.
After being arrested in Montenegro in March 2023, Kwon was indicted by the U.S. federal prosecutor on a total of 8 charges including securities fraud, wire fraud, commodity fraud, and conspiracy to manipulate prices.
Terraform Labs Founder Faces Fraud Charges → -
이번 러브버그 발생 현상은 이들의 특이한 생태적 특성과 더불어 기후변화 등 외부 요인에 의한 것으로 보입니다.
The current lovebug outbreak phenomenon appears to be due to external factors such as climate change, in addition to their unique ecological characteristics.
Invasive Love Bugs Disrupt Korean Communities → -
그 역사는 19세기 후반 미국 선교사들에 의해 한국에 소개되었을 때부터 시작됩니다.
Its history begins from when it was introduced to Korea by American missionaries in the late 19th century.
The Rise of Baseball as Korea's National Pastime → -
한시는 주로 사대부 계층의 유학자들에 의해 창작되었다.
Hansi (classical Chinese poetry) was mainly created by Confucian scholars of the aristocratic class.
Confucian Echoes in Korean Literature - The Joseon Dynasty's Literary Legacy → -
2017년 3월, 박근혜 대통령은 헌법재판소에 의해 탄핵되었고, 이는 한국 민주주의 역사에서 중요한 사건이었습니다.
In March 2017, President Park Geun-hye was impeached by the Constitutional Court, which was an important event in the history of Korean democracy.
The Candlelight Revolution - South Korea's Democratic Awakening →
Read these lessons
Articles that use -에 의해(서) in context — open one to read it in full.
- World Intermediate Iran Proposes Lucrative Oil and Gas Investments to U.S.
- Society Intermediate Drunk Driver Kills Rideshare Worker in Violent Incident
- Tech & IT Intermediate Terraform Labs Founder Faces Fraud Charges
- Society Intermediate Invasive Love Bugs Disrupt Korean Communities
- Entertainment Intermediate The Rise of Baseball as Korea's National Pastime
- Entertainment Advanced Confucian Echoes in Korean Literature - The Joseon Dynasty's Literary Legacy
- Politics Intermediate The Candlelight Revolution - South Korea's Democratic Awakening