1. Introduction to the text
South Korea’s rapid economic growth and industrialization in the late 20th century came at a significant environmental cost. As citizens became increasingly aware of the detrimental effects of pollution and environmental degradation, a powerful environmental movement emerged. This text explores the rise of environmental activism in South Korea, its historical context, and its impact on the nation’s policies and public consciousness.
2. Vocabulary
| Korean Word | Romanization | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 환경운동 | hwan-gyeong-un-dong | environmental movement |
| 공해 | gong-hae | pollution |
| 시민운동 | si-min-un-dong | citizens’ movement |
| 환경정책 | hwan-gyeong-jeong-chaek | environmental policy |
| 지속가능성 | ji-sok-ga-neung-seong | sustainability |
| 녹색성장 | nok-saeng-seong-jang | green growth |
| 환경의식 | hwan-gyeong-ui-sik | environmental awareness |
| 기후변화 | gi-hu-byeon-hwa | climate change |
| 생태계 | saeng-ta-gye | ecosystem |
| 환경보호 | hwan-gyeong-bo-ho | environmental protection |
3. The main text in both Korean and English
한국의 환경운동은 1960년대 후반부터 시작되었습니다.
The environmental movement in South Korea began in the late 1960s.
당시 급격한 산업화와 도시화로 인해 공해 문제가 심각해졌고, 이에 대한 시민들의 우려가 높아졌습니다.
At that time, rapid industrialization and urbanization led to severe pollution issues, raising public concerns.
1970년대와 1980년대에는 환경 관련 시민운동이 활발히 전개되었습니다.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, environmental-related citizens’ movements actively took place.
이러한 운동은 한국 정부가 환경정책을 수립하는 데 중요한 역할을 했습니다.
These movements played a crucial role in the government’s establishment of environmental policies.
1990년대 들어서면서 지속가능성과 녹색성장 개념이 대두되었습니다.
In the 1990s, the concepts of sustainability and green growth emerged.
정부와 기업은 환경보호와 경제발전을 병행하는 정책을 추진하기 시작했습니다.
The government and businesses began to pursue policies that balanced environmental protection and economic development.
2000년대 이후, 기후변화 문제가 대두되면서 환경운동의 초점이 확대되었습니다.
After the 2000s, as climate change became a pressing issue, the focus of environmental activism expanded.
시민단체와 활동가들은 생태계 보호와 에너지 전환 등 다양한 환경 의제를 제기했습니다.
Civil society organizations and activists raised various environmental agendas, such as ecosystem protection and energy transition.
현재 한국 사회에서는 환경의식이 높아졌으며, 환경운동은 정책 결정에 영향력을 행사하고 있습니다.
Currently, environmental awareness is high in South Korean society, and the environmental movement exerts influence on policy decisions.
그러나 여전히 많은 과제가 남아 있어 지속적인 노력이 필요합니다.
However, many challenges remain, requiring ongoing efforts.
4. Reading comprehension questions
1. 한국의 환경운동이 시작된 시기는 언제입니까?
When did the environmental movement in South Korea begin?
2. 환경운동이 한국 정부의 환경정책 수립에 어떤 역할을 했습니까?
What role did the environmental movement play in the establishment of environmental policies by the South Korean government?
3. 1990년대 이후 등장한 새로운 환경 개념은 무엇입니까?
What new environmental concepts emerged after the 1990s?
4. 2000년대 이후 환경운동의 초점이 어떻게 변화했습니까?
How did the focus of the environmental movement change after the 2000s?
5. 현재 한국 사회에서 환경운동의 영향력은 어떠합니까?
What is the influence of the environmental movement in South Korean society today?
5. Cultural and historical notes