1. Introduction to the text
Fermentation has been an integral part of Korean cuisine for centuries, playing a crucial role in preserving food and enhancing flavors. The fermentation process not only extends the shelf life of ingredients but also creates unique and complex tastes that have become synonymous with Korean culinary traditions. From the beloved kimchi to various alcoholic beverages, fermented foods are deeply ingrained in Korean culture and daily life.

2. Vocabulary

Korean Word Romanization English Meaning
발효 balhyo fermentation
젓갈 jeotgal fermented seafood
막걸리 makgeolli traditional rice wine
jang fermented soybean paste
김치 kimchi fermented vegetable dish
누룩 nuruk fermentation starter
메주 meju fermented soybean brick
식초 sikcho vinegar
장독 jangdok fermentation crock
숙성 sukseng aging/maturing

3. The main text in both Korean and English
한국 음식 문화에서 발효는 매우 중요한 역할을 해왔습니다.
Fermentation has played a crucial role in Korean food culture.

발효 과정은 식품의 저장 기간을 늘리고 독특한 맛과 향을 만들어냅니다.
The fermentation process extends the shelf life of food and creates unique flavors and aromas.

대표적인 발효 식품으로는 김치, 장, 젓갈, 막걸리 등이 있습니다.
Some of the most well-known fermented foods include kimchi, fermented soybean paste (jang), fermented seafood (jeotgal), and traditional rice wine (makgeolli).

김치는 한국인의 밥상에서 빠질 수 없는 필수 반찬입니다.
Kimchi is an essential side dish that cannot be missing from a Korean meal.

젓갈은 오랜 시간 동안 발효된 해산물로, 구수한 맛과 독특한 향을 지녔습니다.
Jeotgal, fermented seafood, has a rich flavor and distinct aroma after being fermented for a long time.

장은 콩을 발효시켜 만든 페이스트로, 고소하고 깊은 맛을 내며 한국 요리에 없어서는 안 될 재료입니다.
Jang, a fermented soybean paste, has a nutty and deep flavor, making it an indispensable ingredient in Korean cooking.

막걸리는 전통 주류로, 발효 과정에서 생기는 탄산과 부드러운 맛이 특징입니다.
Makgeolli, a traditional alcoholic beverage, is characterized by its carbonation and smooth taste, resulting from the fermentation process.

발효 식품의 제조 과정은 오랜 역사를 지녔으며, 전통적인 방식과 재료를 사용합니다.
The production process of fermented foods has a long history and involves the use of traditional methods and ingredients.

예를 들어, 김치는 소금에 절인 채소를 누룩과 함께 발효시켜 만듭니다.
For example, kimchi is made by fermenting salted vegetables with nuruk, a fermentation starter.

장은 메주라고 불리는 발효된 콩 덩어리를 사용하여 만들어집니다.
Jang is made using meju, fermented soybean bricks.

4. Reading comprehension questions
1. 한국 음식 문화에서 발효가 중요한 이유는 무엇입니까?
2. 김치와 장은 어떤 방식으로 만들어집니까?
3. 막걸리의 특징은 무엇입니까?
4. 젓갈은 어떤 맛과 향을 지녔습니까?
5. 발효 식품의 제조 과정에서 전통적인 요소는 무엇입니까?

5. Cultural and historical notes
Fermented foods have been an integral part of Korean cuisine for centuries, dating back to the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC – 668 AD). The fermentation process was initially developed as a means of preserving food during the harsh winters and extending its shelf life. Over time, Koreans perfected the art of fermentation, creating a diverse range of fermented dishes that became deeply rooted in their culinary traditions.