1. Introduction to the text
Korean traditional mask dance-plays, known as “Talchum,” are a unique form of folk entertainment that combines dance, music, and drama. These vibrant performances originated in the late Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) and flourished during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Talchum plays were deeply rooted in the lives of common people, reflecting their joys, sorrows, and satirical perspectives on society.
2. Vocabulary
| Korean Word | Romanization | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 탈춤 | Talchum | Mask dance-play |
| 광대 | Gwangdae | Traditional comic performer |
| 판소리 | Pansori | Traditional narrative singing |
| 풍자 | Pungja | Satire |
| 탈 | Tal | Mask |
| 농악 | Nongak | Traditional percussion music |
| 염불 | Yeombul | Buddhist chanting |
| 전통 | Jeon-tong | Tradition |
| 계층 | Gyecheung | Social class |
| 의식 | Uisik | Ritual |
3. The main text in both Korean and English
탈춤은 우리나라 전통 공연예술 중 하나로, 춤과 음악, 연기가 어우러진 종합예술입니다.
Korean mask dance-plays, or “Talchum,” are a traditional performing art that combines dance, music, and acting into a comprehensive art form.
탈춤의 기원은 고려 후기로 거슬러 올라가며, 조선시대에 전성기를 맞이했습니다.
The origins of Talchum can be traced back to the late Goryeo Dynasty, and it reached its peak during the Joseon Dynasty.
광대들은 탈을 쓰고 풍자와 해학을 담은 연기를 펼쳤으며, 농악과 판소리 등 다양한 예술 장르와 결합되었습니다.
The performers, known as “Gwangdae,” wore masks and enacted satirical and humorous plays, combining elements of traditional percussion music (Nongak) and narrative singing (Pansori).
탈춤은 당시 사회의 모순과 부조리를 신랄하게 비판하고 민중의 삶을 반영했습니다.
Talchum plays offered biting critiques of the contradictions and absurdities in society while reflecting the lives of the common people.
각 지역마다 고유의 탈춤 전통이 있었으며, 대표적인 것으로 하회탈춤, 양주별산대놀이, 봉산탈춤 등이 있습니다.
Each region had its own unique Talchum tradition, with notable examples including the Hahoe Mask Dance, the Yangju Byeolsandae Nori, and the Bongsan Mask Dance.
4. Reading comprehension questions
1. What are the main elements that make up the traditional Korean mask dance-plays (Talchum)?
2. During which dynasties did Talchum originate and flourish?
3. What role did the performers, known as “Gwangdae,” play in Talchum plays?
4. How did Talchum plays reflect and critique the society of that time?
5. Name three examples of famous regional Talchum traditions mentioned in the text.
5. Cultural and historical notes
Talchum plays hold significant cultural and historical importance in Korean society. They served as a means for the common people to express their frustrations, criticize societal injustices, and find solace through humor and satire. The plays often targeted the ruling class, highlighting the stark contrast between the privileged and the underprivileged.